Esther Duflo and her colleague from MIT Poverty Lab, gives us a summary of its work that develops an approach to the fight against poverty that emerges from the gangue in which ideological controversies are enclosed on development aid, the latest avatar is Dambisa Moyo's book Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa. Duflo and her team have developed a method to measure the micro level, the effectiveness of aid policy, in particular by using the clinical trial method. This is a pragmatic approach, "bottom-up" immediately raises the question of its extension. But all this is well described and clear. Easy English, accessible to every honest man.