Xavier Vallat's trial takes place December 2, 1947 sest and a highly anticipated trial, the only of the year not to be indifferent as Laurent Joly, the High Courts of Justice actually features a real acknowledgment in the person of Xavier Vallat Secretary General for Veterans from July 1940 to March 1941, then General Commissioner for Jewish Affairs jusquen May 1942. It must be said that the functions of general secretary for veterans is not at all the element of central Vallat folder: in many ways this is a man has served in the honor, pursuing a job in favor of war cripples that he began as deputy. Xavier Vallat has been instrumental in the process of creation of the French Legion of Fighters maréchalien organization intended to provide the Vichy regime relays on the ground in all the communes of France, veterans were to be the eyes and ears of the Marshal Pétain and allow it to implement its National Revolution intended to regenerate France victim of hedonists of the Third Republic. The most important is probably more accurate quau through this French Legion of Combatants, Xavier Vallat undoubtedly played a key role with lassentissent express Marshal Pétain to prevent, Marcel Deat to develop a single party in the German National Socialist model : in this area there are two major works of John Paul Cointet "The French Legion of Combatants: 1940-1944, fascism temptation" and secondly the biography of Marcel Deat "Deat from socialism to national socialism."
The trial of Xavier Vallat concerns in any case these elements are discharged by the High Court itself, but rather a theme that will ultimately have been relatively lépuration raised during trial, that of the persecution of the Jews: this theme was treated at trial of Marshal Petain and Pierre Laval, but this is the first opportunity to judge a person responsible for anti-Semitic policy of Vichy; Indeed Raphaël Alibert former Minister of Justice and alleged perpetrator of the first statute of the Jews of October 3, 1940 is on the run, while Vallat's successor, Louis Darquier was sentenced to death in absentia, since he managed to find refuge in Spain (or lon finds the sympathetic head of the Belgian Leon Degrelle pro-Nazi movement and member of the Waffen SS at the highest level). Legally, Xavier Vallat is considered within the scope of the company's order December 26, 1944 which establishes the crime "national dindignité": in this case it includes two offenses he is accused to have participated as general secretary for veterans and commissioner General for Jewish Affairs in the Vichy government and to have undermined unity of the nation, to a Freedom and legality of the French ". This accusation is participating in CGQJ and ideology that underpinned the institution. Company's order of 26 December 1944 punishing racist and antisemitic propaganda as affecting legality of the French, however, this charge is constitutive of national dindignité crime that is not punishable by the death penalty, but a shameful sentence of "national degradation" custodial all civil rights. However, this first criminal offense is followed much more formidable than a second: is accused Xavier Vallat to have knowingly done in wartime acts of nature to harm national defense: This is a very heavy load acts committed and CGQJ Also editorials Vallat agreed to resume in June 1944 after the assassination of the collaborationist militia and Philippe Henriot (including Paul Touvier avenge the death by executing seven Jewish hostages and take him a sentence of criminal imprisonment for crimes against humanity in 1994). The two Vice-Presidents of the High Court are the MRP Maurice Guerin and the Communist Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont, the president is the socialist Louis Noguères. The CV of the accused is very strong in terms of military service record is made Chevalier of the Legion of honor military division and awarded the Military Cross with palms. Basically politically Vallat's career has nothing dignoble he was elected the first time in November 1919, he loses first his term before being elected in 1928, bachelor degree in law letter and it also performs avocado career Paris bar. In 1936, Xavier Vallat was elected under the label of republican federation and declared for the first time openly republican and in January 1940 he was elected Vice President of the House of députésDemblée activities under secretary general for veterans are excluded burdens to lencontre Xavier Vallat: no fact of collaboration that can be criticized for the accused in this area or its reputation danti-Boche makes him a great service !!! As against this is well under the collaboration and betrayal that its activities are studied within the CGQJ. The heart of the problem lies in its anti-Jewish policy and the development of the second Jewish status of 2 June 1941. The concept of treason is based on one solid piece, a report dated 7 February 1942 written by and for Vallat Henry Moisset an advisor lamiral Darlan Back then when he is vice president of the Council. In this note Xavier Vallat 10 pages evokes laudience of 3 April 1941 he was granted German ambassador Otto Abetz in France (based in Paris) and a meeting with the commander of the German military forces in France General Otto Von Stülpangel: the document states that "lun and the other wanted to tell me that they fully understood my position, in exchange for which I assured my mind the most loyal collaboration": at trial this is the kind of quote that leads directly to léchafaud: Vallat argues his defense in two specious points: - Vichy anti-Jewish policy implementation under the authority responded to strictly national concerns (thus he admits that lantisémitisme was part of the political program implemented by Marshal Pétain); - Lhostilité the authorities of occupation against him was indisputable (this is partly true). Vallat said navoir was in any way inspired the Nazi model. On this point Laurent Joly is formal it is a lie, because WHEN IT was considering how best to amend the legislation Alibert of 3 October 1940, it consulted the German and Italian racial laws. On the question of the German authorities lhostilité Vallat is actually able to produce parts that clearly indicate that German naimaient not the prevarication of the interlocutor The application of anti-Semitic legislation, however, the German note that this is rather justified by concern dassurer precedence to French anti-Semitic measures rather than by the desire to spare the Jews (). Regarding the resumption of editorials linfâme Philipe Henriot, this is léditorial applauding the execution of Georges Mandel particularly offensive remarks, prompting the court decides détoffer its dossier referring to in Article 76 of the penal code which punishes "participation in a demoralize the army or nation designed to harm national defense ". Vallat defends itself by paying tribute to the resistance, but not resistant to all still condemning the action of the FFI, maquis and communist resistance. Xavier Vallat features a tremendous asset that will dramatically in his favor: the many testimonials and even mytho-maniacs on his action will flock Jews witnesses danciens resistant fighters. Nora Gaston hospital surgeon, Jewish and old war comrade Vallat nhésite not to fantasize indicating the high courses Xavier Vallat would have provided information that could have saved 10,000 Jews during the roundup of the Vel-dhiv. All this is pitiful and the accused is particularly twisted because his argument was dassumer the anti-Jewish policies that he led, while finally the main thing reproach that the Court tends to show covers treason and collaboration.
Interviewed by Laurent Joly, Vice-President of the Court considers Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont quen 1947 "lantisémitisme wasnt on the agenda," this does not mean that it has been complacent Legard of ideology and the activity of anti-Semitic Xavier Vallat who been denounced by the Court, however the sole responsibility of Vichy in the persecution of Jews wasnt center stage for several reason: The High Court trial was a political trial with a dual mission: embody the republican values restored from the release; avoid jeopardizing the administration of Vichy as a whole: the problem of Xavier Vallat lies mainly in the fact that the anti-Jewish policy of Vichy was not the result of a single German diktat but was widely accepted by the French government to the state: if the end General Commissariat for Jewish issues had been the result of a single German diktat and resisted underhand activities nauraient not been as badly attacked. But the problem of Xavier Vallat is its sickly eagerness to be zealous, facing the accused explaining that the laws of the State had to be applied with the necessary rigor, the President of the High Court Louis Noguères Vallat calls and asks why He declined to give a derogation for the journalist Geo London who nevertheless had weight support in the person of Leon Daudet and Cardinal Gerlier and the president to add a shot destoc "if you had done for M Geo London which you was requested by Cardinal Gerlier you would absolution high court at the same time as his. " What is condemned this is the zeal placed by Xavier Vallat to implement its anti-Semitic program leading lon in collaboration channel.
Finally, in 1947 despite the existence dune considerable literature on Vichy anti-Jewish policy, poor use of archives does not allow the High Court to benefit dune understanding of the workings of the anti-Jewish policy of Vichy.
In 1947 he ny no systemic understanding of the specificity of the persecution of Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators, but the indictment of General lavocat to lencontre Xavier Vallat is ruthless and the accused is described as a passionate anti-Semite even fanatic, and no moral distinction nest made between its policy and that of his successor Louis Darquier. Lavocat general recall Semitic verbal lagression rightly committed by Xavier Vallat against Leon Blum in 1936, when Vallat apostrophised Council President stating that "for the first time in its history the old Gallo-Roman country quest France would be governed by a Jew. " It was considered that it was certainly there are differences between lantisémitisme of Vallat and German plans, but according to the indictment he "obviously quune anti-Jewish policy in France during the occupation, could not be removed from the influence German"; it was the German who requested the creation of CGQJ "which was part of a scheme to densemble throughout Europe for the settlement of the Jewish question."
The Court's deliberations persist, eventually she decides that the accused is guilty under clause 76 paragraph 40 of the Criminal Code (demoralization of the army or the nation), but considering that the accused particularly because of wounds received in the service of country should benefit from extenuating circumstances, condemned to a sentence of 10 years imprisonment and national lindignité lifetime. Xavier Vallat caters to a very polite way of jurors and the remercie.Cest a huge victory for Xavier Vallat has essentially adopted an offensive defense before the High Court, and this is a huge disappointment for the Jewish community and the left parties, particularly for the Communist Party who wanted the death penalty. The Communists jurors Nont lénoncé not attend the verdict.
Lantisémitisme Xavier Vallat has its origins in the Catholic tradition, which could have been dobédience maurassienne from the beginning, and which will become very late WHEN IT will be incarcerated in the company of the integral nationalism doctrinaire in 1947. Laurent Joly carefully scrutinizes all stages of the Life Vallat, sest dextraction modest man who brilliantly used his country during the First World War. Gradually we see appear a tendency to xenophobia, which seems to be the intellectual bias that will lead Xavier Vallat to become a "serious anti-Semitic." It's a complex man, who has since World War Jewish friends, and that does not seem to eat a fierce hatred lencontre French Jews: still should BE careful because the exemptions granted Vallat wished that in its management of the Jewish problem in France only concerned the old Jewish families in France, a rather vague terminology, and former Jewish fighters of the First World War. Ultimately, though Vallat adopted an intellectual device intended to protect some French Jews, but the criteria are so restrictive and subjective that lon can not consider that this policy was to protect all the ViaMichelin French Jews as Alain Michel suggests in his book "Investigation of the Holocaust: the French paradox." The main advantage for Vallat is not to have held office during major raids or at the time of the deportation of foreign Jews from summer 1942 at the instigation of Petain and Laval: it seems doubtful that Vallat had opposed a program targeting foreigners because of its morbid xenophobia that had made him "detect" a plot hatched in 1935 by the minister of interior "Jewish Abraham Schrameck" to organize massive limmigration of Romanian Jews in France in a vast colonization project of the France (sic). In many ways, Vallat was to prove a ruthless anti-Semite, by developing a second status of the Jews even more severe than the first.
The law of 3 October 1940 eliminated Jews from the civil service and business culture and hiding information, but according dune insufficiently Xavier Vallat, since their economic activities were open and decrees restricting their presence in the professions not navaient yet been taken. With the Law of 2 June 1941 and the many decrees that will complement there was talk DEliminate "the influence Jewish" of economic and social life of the country (in the terminology of Daniel Goldhagen, Vallat effort is poised as the Nazis to Jews beings socially dead, at least at first). So Xavier Vallat will impose for a numerus clausus professions 2% Jews only (medicine; architect; pharmacist; midwife and for universities the number détudiants Jews must not exceed 3% of non-Jewish students enrolled). The decrees in question were taken in close cooperation between the CGQJ and ministers of Vichy to the delight of Joseph Bartholomew. Together, these measures "daryanisation" professions are accompanied of a program "economic daryanisation" Jews will be expelled from all activities in banking, insurance, Armament, capital loans, negotiating trade premises: the logical consequence is daryaniser businesses and property of Jewish shops. Xavier Vallat seems to be followed in connection with Dr. Werner Best civilian head of the state headquarters of the MBF in France.
To cut the grass under the feet of the German occupied zone in which a program daryanisation goods and Jewish businesses, Xavier Vallat sets up a structure identical spoliation, but this time protects the economic interests of Vichy still consider its sovereignty stretches in the occupied zone: as Quà LAMIABLE expropriate, or via a temporary attorney to manage the property taken into consideration, as far as "laryen" which inherits the Jewish property is a good french !!! The legal system is adopted by the Cabinet July 22, 1941 as "dune law on businesses, property and assets belonging to the Jews" which is signed by Petain, Darlan, Bartholomew, Bouthillier, Lehideux, Plato and Pucheu: lexposé of grounds is impeccable because in Article 1 the law states quen view DEliminate any Jewish influence in the national economy, it is permissible to General Commissioner for Jewish Affairs to appoint an interim director for all industrial, artisanal or commercial real estate () and under certain conditions any movable property, securities, or any personal property right belonging to a Jew. " Spoliation nest however provisional since the administrator to complete entitled to 10% of the value of a good Jew to be liquidated, and the balance of the transaction is paid into an account of CDC on behalf of the Jewish owner. Note that the 10% interim the administrator must also supply a "solidarity fund for indigent Jews" on the issue of Jewish property laryanisation by the Vichy government has fundamental louvrage know and read is that of Philip Verheyde the " bad accounts of Vichy. Laryanisation Jewish businesses, "Perrin 1999.
Through economic laryanisation Vallat sattaquer especially wants to corporations, but his will is to supplant German law in the occupied zone, with two seemingly different strategies for laryanisation German is the beginning of a process of ghettoization that leads inexorably to the deportation; Xavier Vallat to the goal is different, the Jewish dasservir it comes to its ideal this is to say to make him a producer and not a single parasite, this is for this reason that agricultural activities do daucune the object of discrimination lencontre Jews.
But Xavier Vallat still considers that the legislation of 2 June 1941 defining the Jew is too pernicious and therefore working on a third status of Jews in better characterization of the Jewish (religious and cultural aspects must afford to hit a larger number of people However this legislation that will never see the day that he provided enough for a person born Jewish, without taking into account its subsequent conversion to another religion "because it is of the Jewish race and his son or grandchild son received him Jewish impregnation ", the fanaticism is such that it Vallat wants to establish the status of the most elaborate and the most severe Jews Europes. Laurent Joly demonstrates perfectly the rise of lantisémitisme Vallat of text written with the help of Jacques Esteve states that "the Jewish problem appear as a conflict between the French national tradition and assimilated Jewish tradition, which can only disintegrate and corrupt this national tradition wherever she is with her () therefore will be considered as Jewish anyone manifest in the eyes of the law, or by decisive signs, either because of presumptions serious enough, the presence or persistence of the Jewish tradition. " Although transmitted to State Council, the project not naboutira. Following a succession daccrochages with German to impose its true conception of "lantisémitisme seriously," Xavier Vallat was dismissed in May 1942.
However after the war and his trial, he will continue an anti-Semitic thought, but this time based on a concept that he had addressed as General Commissioner for Jewish Affairs, the Zionist movement, welcoming the establishment of the State Hebrew in his way considering that all Jews, regardless of their country of residence are given an Israeli passport and therefore treated as foreigners He entered the pantheon of great men of the extreme French right, the memory was maintained at least 1997, according jusquen Laurent Joly, and probably much beyond this date
