I do not know how this really works. We are regularly in the woods and fields on the road, still gets my dog throughout the year more than 1-2 ticks. No fleas or other pests. He has also never had worms. (Stool test) .I have a large Rhodesian Ridgeback -Schäferhundmischling with 40kg. But that may be because he always gets olive oil on his food. Am convinced that it can be done without any poison. One need only to inform.