I have to protect my little dog from the attacks of larger free-running dogs, disobey either their owners or the owners are simply inexperienced and reckless. Unfortunately, the little one has already won several seriously injured. The pepper spray I've ever have to use twice. Now we have peace from these aggressive dogs who have already attacked and injured other dogs. You now walk on a leash. But since we never can be sure I always wear the spray with me.