Specialist 2nd World War, the inventor of the neologism "negationism", Henry Rousso offers us a very good What do I know? the Vichy regime. It describes the historical and ideological origins, characteristics, modes of cooperation with the occupier, state violence, etc. Deleterious singularity in the history of our country, the Petain regime not least maintains elements of continuity with the political forms that preceded it and those who follow him: "What legacy regime he left? In terms of public policy, many of these reforms were endorsed at the Liberation, even if they are furnished in a democratic framework: industrial neo-corporatism, the police organization, social policies that fit more or less into a long-term movement of contemporary societies "(p. 122). Regarding the thesis of a relative independence of the Pétain regime facing the Nazi winner, the author rather an opposite view: "Contrary to recent Vulgate, if the first French measures belong to will and inner impulse over that they are the consequence of German demands, it is impossible to understand the persecution of the Vichy regime regardless of the weight that the `Jewish question 'occupies in the Nazi cosmogony, and the constant influence exerted on the occupant arrangements in this field, both politically and ideologically "(p. 77). Reading recommend to anyone interested in this period of French history.