Flashing red light: Putting at approximately 3.5V, stable 'flashing' from about 4.0 volts.
Change from red to yellow: 12.46 volts. Only very small hysteresis digit mV range.
Change from yellow to green: 12.71 volts. Also very small hysteresis digit mV range.
Power consumption: min. 1.5mA / max. 4,5mA / 1,7mA Mean => the indicator 'eats' or about 1 Ah per month!
The indicator points to the above-mentioned voltage values with green flashes a really quite full battery (ie the always aspired state), with a yellow lightning is still a normal state of charge of 60% given the sufficient problems for several start attempts. The transition from yellow to red flashing not signaled (!) That the battery is dead, but that the battery in terms of the longest possible service life should be loaded immediately again, especially to (as here noted already by others) a sulfation of the partially discharged battery to avoid. In red flashes for a longer period then helps only an accurate voltmeter, everything smaller 11.8 volts is 'life-threatening' for normal lead acid battery. The German Wikipedia has under the entry 'starter battery' for more information.
I have not bought the indicators on Amazon but the local Polo (support your local dealer ...), these things are worth their 9.99 euros for me, the comfort gain when loading is a further advantage. The rubber cap closes permanently and splash-proof, a little silicone grease ensures even smoother seat.