The problem also occurs in other machines and has been addressed in the Support Forum. [...]
I have now wrapped a simple household rubber several times around the original O-ring.
The insertion of the filter succeeds now as described, using light pressure, and keeping as it should be. I hope Philips solves the problem with the wrong O-ring, it is known to them in any case. If this happens problem in the next filters continue on my path will probably be in the next hardware store, there to to acquire and a suitable O-ring.