From a colleague, I was able to get the original Apple VGA Adapter borrow and have also connected to my Macbook Pro Retina with this adapter the Samsung TVV.
Lo and behold, with the Apple adapter does the Full HD (1920x1080) resolution problems, also the Samsung TV was immediately recognized in the display settings on the MAC. So in the settings of the Samsung TV has shown me with the version.
With this adapter, no TV were transmitted data to the MAC.
According to the description should be used with VGA resolution of 1080p / 1080i be possible
Updated on 18.05.2015:
I have now bought another adapter, with this work, the FullHD resolution with no problems ->; redirect = true & ref_ = oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00