"The libri carolini remain a single document for the history of the conflict between the Latin West and Byzantium. They show us what was around the year 800, the use that thought doing philosophy. By that text, Charlemagne entered the so-called feud images (...) In violent terms, they showed that Byzantium was a conception of politics and perfectly irrational and heretical art. Politically, Charlemagne severely criticized the Byzantine formula, that God was called "co-regent" of the Empress; such designation erased the boundaries between creator and creature. The conception that the Franks were the imperial burden was more pragmatic and, as underlined Charlemagne, more modest: God reigns among men, but through an earthly master; he reigns in their caeur by faith; it is only in the afterlife than men reign with God. The king is only responsible for the administration of earthly life: neither he nor his image should be bojet of religious veneration. (...) The libri carolini showed a new self-assessment, critical to the West. They did understand the pope and the Greeks that the transfer of power to the Franks was also a cultural and religious reality. It is with a certain contempt Charlemagne spoke of the "superstition" of the Greeks. Central Europe, so poor in aeuvres of art, transformed her poverty into manifestation of power; these regions almost entirely devoid of images were not only holding the true religion; through the power of language and the importance of their strict maeurs, they went to relegate to the background the cultural centers that were Byzantium and Rome. (...) The philosophy then was not confined to an intellectual setting. She was not content to enhance the clarity of theological treaties, she spread of subjective arbitrariness and religious showing how to speak and think "correctly". She was not content to shape a self-awareness of a new company, but it emphasized the inferiority of the cultural centers that had flourished elsewhere; it marked the boundary between the "superstition" and "reason".
We can do without difficulty parallel with the Qur'anic statements included in the dome of the Rock in Jerusalem during its construction by the new Arab conquerors in the late seventh century, in a town still largely under Christian and Byzantine influence: "Say: He, God is One! God, the Impenetrable! It does not create; He is not begotten; there is none like Him! "; "O People of the Book, do not overdo it in your religion; do not tell the truth about God "; "It is He Who has sent His Messenger with management and the true religion, despite the polytheists."